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Son preference has persisted in the face of sweeping economic and social changes in the countries studied here. We attribute this persistence to their similar family systems, which generate strong disincentives to raise daughters - whether or not their marriages require dowries - while valuing adult women's contributions to the household. Urbanisation, female education and employment can only slowly change these incentives without more direct efforts by the state and civil society to increase the flexibility of the kinship system such that daughters and sons can be perceived as being more equally valuable. Much can be done to accelerate this process through social movements, legislation and the mass media. (Original abstract)

Son preference has persisted in the face of sweeping economic & social changes in these countries. We attribute this to their similar family systems, which generate strong disincentives to raise daughters -- whether or not their marriages require dowries -- while valuing adult women's contributions to the household. Urbanization, female education, & employment can only slowly change these incentives without more direct efforts by the state & civil society to increase the flexibility of the kinship system such that daughters & sons can be perceived as being more equally valuable. Much can be done to accelerate this process through social movements, legislation, & the mass media. 4 Tables, 1 Figure, 2 Maps, 103 References. Adapted from the source document.

Son preference has persisted in the face of sweeping economic and social changes in China, India, and the Republic of Korea. The authors attribute this to their similar family systems, which generate strong disincentives to raise daughters while valuing adult women's contributions to the household. Urbanization, female education, and employment can only slowly change these incentives without more direct efforts by the state and civil society to increase the flexibility of the kinship system such that daughters and sons can be perceived as being more equally valuable. Much can be done to this end through social movements, legislation, and the mass media.